`ais cluster` command

The command has the following subcommands:

$ ais cluster <TAB-TAB>
show               remote-detach      set-primary        decommission       reset-stats
remote-attach      rebalance          shutdown           add-remove-nodes

Important: with the single exception of add-remove-nodes, all the other the commands listed above operate on the level of the entire cluster. Node level operations (e.g., shutting down a given selected node, etc.) can be found under add-remove-nodes.

Alternatively, use --help to show subcommands with brief descriptions:

$ ais cluster  --help
NAME:
   ais cluster - monitor and manage AIS cluster: add/remove nodes, change primary gateway, etc.

USAGE:
   ais cluster command [command options] [arguments...]

COMMANDS:
   show              show cluster nodes and utilization
   remote-attach     attach remote ais cluster
   remote-detach     detach remote ais cluster
   rebalance         administratively start and stop global rebalance; show global rebalance
   set-primary       select a new primary proxy/gateway
   shutdown          shut down entire cluster
   decommission      decommission entire cluster
   add-remove-nodes  manage cluster membership (add/remove nodes, temporarily or permanently)
   reset-stats       reset cluster or node stats (all cumulative metrics or only errors)

As always, each subcommand will have its own help and usage examples (the latter possibly spread across multiple documents).

For any keyword or text of any kind, you can easily look up examples and descriptions (if available) via a simple find, for instance:

$ find . -type f -name "*.md" | xargs grep "ais.*mountpath"

Note that there is a single CLI command to grow a cluster, and multiple commands to scale it down.

Scaling down can be done gracefully or forcefully, and also temporarily or permanently.

For background, usage examples, and details, please see this document.

Adding/removing nodes

The corresponding functionality can be found under the subcommand called add-remove-nodes:

$ ais cluster add-remove-nodes --help
NAME:
   ais cluster add-remove-nodes - manage cluster membership (add/remove nodes, temporarily or permanently)

USAGE:
   ais cluster add-remove-nodes command [command options] [arguments...]

COMMANDS:
   join               add a node to the cluster
   start-maintenance  put node in maintenance mode, temporarily suspend its operation
   stop-maintenance   activate node by taking it back from "maintenance"
   decommission       safely and permanently remove node from the cluster

   shutdown           shutdown a node, gracefully or immediately;
                      note: upon shutdown the node won't be decommissioned - it'll remain in the cluster map
                      and can be manually restarted to rejoin the cluster at any later time;
                      see also: 'ais advanced remove-from-smap'

Cluster and Node status
Show cluster map
Show cluster stats
Show disk stats
Join a node
Remove a node
Remote AIS cluster
Remove a node
Reset (ie., zero out) stats counters and other metrics

Cluster and Node status

The command has a rather long(ish) short description and multiple subcommands:

$ ais show cluster --help
NAME:
   ais show cluster - show cluster nodes and utilization

USAGE:
   ais show cluster command [command options] [NODE_ID] | [target [NODE_ID]] | [proxy [NODE_ID]] |
                       [smap [NODE_ID]] | [bmd [NODE_ID]] | [config [NODE_ID]] | [stats [NODE_ID]]

COMMANDS:
   smap    show Smap (cluster map)
   bmd     show BMD (bucket metadata)
   config  show cluster and node configuration
   stats   (alias for "ais show performance") show performance counters, throughput, latency, and more (press <TAB-TAB> to select specific view)

OPTIONS:
   --refresh value   interval for continuous monitoring;
                     valid time units: ns, us (or µs), ms, s (default), m, h
   --count value     used together with '--refresh' to limit the number of generated reports (default: 0)
   --json, -j        json input/output
   --no-headers, -H  display tables without headers
   --help, -h        show help

To quickly exemplify, let’s assume the cluster has a (target) node called t[xyz]. Then:

show cluster: all nodes (including t[xyz]) and gateways, as well as deployed version and runtime stats

$ ais show cluster

show all target (nodes) and, again, runtime statistics, software version, deployment type, K8s pods, and more

$ ais show cluster target

show specific target

$ ais show cluster target t[xyz]

ask specific target to show its cluster map

$ ais show cluster smap t[xyz]

and so on and so forth.

Notes

The last example (above) may potentially make sense when troubleshooting. Otherwise, by design and implementation, cluster map (Smap), bucket metadata (BMD), and all other cluster-level metadata exists in identical protected and versioned replicas on all nodes at any given point in time.

Still, to display cluster map in its (JSON) fullness, run:

$ ais show cluster smap --json

--json option is almost universally supported in CLI

Similar to all other show commands, ais cluster show is an alias for ais cluster show. Both can be used interchangeably.

Options

Flag	Type	Description	Default
`--json, -j`	`bool`	Output in JSON format	`false`
`--count`	`int`	Can be used in combination with `--refresh` option to limit the number of generated reports	`1`
`--refresh`	`duration`	Refresh interval - time duration between reports. The usual unit suffixes are supported and include `m` (for minutes), `s` (seconds), `ms` (milliseconds)	` `
`--no-headers`	`bool`	Display tables without headers	`false`

Examples

$ ais show cluster
PROXY            MEM USED %      MEM AVAIL       UPTIME
pufGp8080[P]     0.28%           15.43GiB        17m
ETURp8083        0.26%           15.43GiB        17m
sgahp8082        0.26%           15.43GiB        17m
WEQRp8084        0.27%           15.43GiB        17m
Watdp8081        0.26%           15.43GiB        17m

TARGET           MEM USED %      MEM AVAIL       CAP USED %      CAP AVAIL       CPU USED %      REBALANCE       UPTIME
iPbHt8088        0.28%           15.43GiB        14.00%          1.178TiB        0.13%           -               17m
Zgmlt8085        0.28%           15.43GiB        14.00%          1.178TiB        0.13%           -               17m
oQZCt8089        0.28%           15.43GiB        14.00%          1.178TiB        0.14%           -               17m
dIzMt8086        0.28%           15.43GiB        14.00%          1.178TiB        0.13%           -               17m
YodGt8087        0.28%           15.43GiB        14.00%          1.178TiB        0.14%           -               17m

Summary:
 Proxies:       5 (0 - unelectable)
 Targets:       5
 Primary Proxy: pufGp8080
 Smap Version:  14
 Deployment:    dev

Show cluster map

ais show cluster smap [NODE_ID]

Show a copy of the cluster map (Smap) stored on NODE_ID.

If NODE_ID is not given, show cluster map from (primary or secondary) proxy “pointed to” by your local CLI configuration (ais config cli) or AIS_ENDPOINT environment.

Note that cluster map (Smap), bucket metadata (BMD), and all other cluster-level metadata exists in identical protected and versioned replicas on all nodes at any given point in time.

Useful variations include ais show cluster smap --json (to see the unabridged version), and also:

$ ais show cluster smap --refresh 5

The latter will periodically (until Ctrl-C) show cluster map in 5-second intervals - might be useful in presence of any kind of membership changes (e.g., cluster startup).

Options

Flag	Type	Description	Default
`--count`	`int`	Can be used in combination with `--refresh` option to limit the number of generated reports	`1`
`--refresh`	`duration`	Refresh interval - time duration between reports. The usual unit suffixes are supported and include `m` (for minutes), `s` (seconds), `ms` (milliseconds)	` `
`--json, -j`	`bool`	Output in JSON format	`false`

Examples

Show smap from a given node

Ask a specific node for its cluster map (Smap) replica:

$ ais show cluster smap <TAB-TAB>
... p[ETURp8083] ...

$ ais show cluster smap p[ETURp8083]
NODE             TYPE    PUBLIC URL
ETURp8083        proxy   http://127.0.0.1:8083
WEQRp8084        proxy   http://127.0.0.1:8084
Watdp8081        proxy   http://127.0.0.1:8081
pufGp8080[P]     proxy   http://127.0.0.1:8080
sgahp8082        proxy   http://127.0.0.1:8082

NODE             TYPE    PUBLIC URL
YodGt8087        target  http://127.0.0.1:8087
Zgmlt8085        target  http://127.0.0.1:8085
dIzMt8086        target  http://127.0.0.1:8086
iPbHt8088        target  http://127.0.0.1:8088
oQZCt8089        target  http://127.0.0.1:8089

Non-Electable:

Primary Proxy: pufGp8080
Proxies: 5       Targets: 5      Smap Version: 14

Show cluster stats

ais show cluster stats is a alias for ais show performance.

The latter is the primary implementation, and the preferred way to investigate cluster performance, while ais show cluster stats is retained in part for convenience and in part for backward compatibility.

$ ais show cluster stats <TAB-TAB>
counters     throughput   latency      capacity     disk

$ ais show cluster stats --help
NAME:
   ais show cluster stats - (alias for "ais show performance") show performance counters, throughput, latency, and more (press <TAB-TAB> to select specific view)

USAGE:
   ais show cluster stats command [command options] [TARGET_ID]

COMMANDS:
   counters    show (GET, PUT, DELETE, RENAME, EVICT, APPEND) object counts, as well as:
               - numbers of list-objects requests;
               - (GET, PUT, etc.) cumulative and average sizes;
               - associated error counters, if any, and more.
   throughput  show GET and PUT throughput, associated (cumulative, average) sizes and counters
   latency     show GET, PUT, and APPEND latencies and average sizes
   capacity    show target mountpaths, disks, and used/available capacity
   disk        show disk utilization and read/write statistics

OPTIONS:
   --refresh value   interval for continuous monitoring;
                     valid time units: ns, us (or µs), ms, s (default), m, h
   --count value     used together with '--refresh' to limit the number of generated reports (default: 0)
   --all             when printing tables, show all columns including those that have only zero values
   --no-headers, -H  display tables without headers
   --regex value     regular expression to select table columns (case-insensitive), e.g.: --regex "put|err"
   --units value     show statistics and/or parse command-line specified sizes using one of the following _units of measurement_:
                     iec - IEC format, e.g.: KiB, MiB, GiB (default)
                     si  - SI (metric) format, e.g.: KB, MB, GB
                     raw - do not convert to (or from) human-readable format
   --average-size    show average GET, PUT, etc. request size
   --help, -h        show help

Show disk stats

ais show storage disk [TARGET_ID] - show disk utilization and read/write statistics

$ ais show storage disk --help
NAME:
   ais show storage disk - show disk utilization and read/write statistics

USAGE:
   ais show storage disk [command options] [TARGET_ID]

OPTIONS:
   --refresh value   interval for continuous monitoring;
                     valid time units: ns, us (or µs), ms, s (default), m, h
   --count value     used together with '--refresh' to limit the number of generated reports (default: 0)
   --no-headers, -H  display tables without headers
   --units value     show statistics and/or parse command-line specified sizes using one of the following _units of measurement_:
                     iec - IEC format, e.g.: KiB, MiB, GiB (default)
                     si  - SI (metric) format, e.g.: KB, MB, GB
                     raw - do not convert to (or from) human-readable format
   --regex value     regular expression to select table columns (case-insensitive), e.g.: --regex "put|err"
   --summary         tally up target disks to show per-target read/write summary stats and average utilizations
   --help, -h        show help

When TARGET_ID is not given, disk stats for all targets will be shown and aggregated.

Options

Flag	Type	Description	Default
`--json, -j`	`bool`	Output in JSON format	`false`
`--count`	`int`	Can be used in combination with `--refresh` option to limit the number of generated reports	`1`
`--refresh`	`duration`	Refresh interval - time duration between reports. The usual unit suffixes are supported and include `m` (for minutes), `s` (seconds), `ms` (milliseconds)	` `
`--no-headers`	`bool`	Display tables without headers	`false`

Examples

Display disk reports stats N times every M seconds

Display 5 reports of all targets’ disk statistics, with 10s intervals between each report.

$ ais show storage disk --count 2 --refresh 10s
Target		Disk	Read		Write		%Util
163171t8088	sda	6.00KiB/s	171.00KiB/s	49
948212t8089	sda	6.00KiB/s	171.00KiB/s	49
41981t8085	sda	6.00KiB/s	171.00KiB/s	49
490062t8086	sda	6.00KiB/s	171.00KiB/s	49
164472t8087	sda	6.00KiB/s	171.00KiB/s	49

Target		Disk	Read		Write		%Util
163171t8088	sda	1.00KiB/s	4.26MiB/s	96
41981t8085	sda	1.00KiB/s	4.26MiB/s	96
948212t8089	sda	1.00KiB/s	4.26MiB/s	96
490062t8086	sda	1.00KiB/s	4.29MiB/s	96
164472t8087	sda	1.00KiB/s	4.26MiB/s	96

Join a node

ais cluster add-remove-nodes join --role=proxy IP:PORT

Join a proxy to the cluster.

ais cluster add-remove-nodes join --role=target IP:PORT

Join a target to the cluster.

Note: The node will try to join the cluster using an ID it detects (either in the filesystem’s xattrs or on disk) or that it generates for itself. If you would like to specify an ID, you can do so while starting the aisnode executable.

Examples

Join node

Join a proxy node with socket address 192.168.0.185:8086

$ ais cluster add-remove-nodes join --role=proxy 192.168.0.185:8086
Proxy with ID "23kfa10f" successfully joined the cluster.

Remove a node

Temporarily remove an existing node from the cluster:

ais cluster add-remove-nodes start-maintenance NODE_ID ais cluster add-remove-nodes stop-maintenance NODE_ID

Starting maintenance puts the node in maintenance mode, and the cluster gradually transitions to operating without the specified node (which is labeled maintenance in the cluster map). Stopping maintenance will revert this.

ais cluster add-remove-nodes shutdown NODE_ID

Shutting down a node will put the node in maintenance mode first, and then shut down the aisnode process on the node.

Permanently remove an existing node from the cluster:

ais cluster add-remove-nodes decommission NODE_ID

Decommissioning a node will safely remove a node from the cluster by triggering a cluster-wide rebalance first. This can be avoided by specifying --no-rebalance.

Options

Flag	Type	Description	Default
`--no-rebalance`	`bool`	By default, `ais cluster add-remove-nodes maintenance` and `ais cluster add-remove-nodes decommission` triggers a global cluster-wide rebalance. The `--no-rebalance` flag disables automatic rebalance thus providing for the administrative option to rebalance the cluster manually at a later time. BEWARE: advanced usage only!	`false`

Examples

Decommission node

Permananently remove proxy p[omWp8083] from the cluster:

$ ais cluster add-remove-nodes decommission <TAB-TAB>
p[cFOp8082]   p[Hqhp8085]   p[omWp8083]   t[bFat8087]   t[Icjt8089]   t[ofPt8091]
p[dpKp8084]   p[NGVp8081]   p[Uerp8080]   t[erbt8086]   t[IDDt8090]   t[TKSt8088]

$ ais cluster add-remove-nodes decommission p[omWp8083]

Node "omWp8083" has been successfully removed from the cluster.

To terminate aisnode on a given machine, use the shutdown command, e.g.:

$ ais cluster add-remove-nodes shutdown t[23kfa10f]

Similar to the maintenance option, shutdown triggers global rebalancing then shuts down the corresponding aisnode process (target t[23kfa10f] in the example above).

Temporarily put node in maintenance

$ ais show cluster
PROXY            MEM USED %      MEM AVAIL       UPTIME
202446p8082      0.09%           31.28GiB        70s
279128p8080[P]   0.11%           31.28GiB        80s

TARGET           MEM USED %      MEM AVAIL       CAP USED %      CAP AVAIL       CPU USED %      REBALANCE       UPTIME
147665t8084      0.10%           31.28GiB        16%             2.458TiB        0.12%           -               70s
165274t8087      0.10%           31.28GiB        16%             2.458TiB        0.12%           -               70s

$ ais cluster add-remove-nodes start-maintenance 147665t8084
$ ais show cluster
PROXY            MEM USED %      MEM AVAIL       UPTIME
202446p8082      0.09%           31.28GiB        70s
279128p8080[P]   0.11%           31.28GiB        80s

TARGET           MEM USED %      MEM AVAIL       CAP USED %      CAP AVAIL       CPU USED %      REBALANCE       UPTIME  STATUS
147665t8084      0.10%           31.28GiB        16%             2.458TiB        0.12%           -               71s     maintenance
165274t8087      0.10%           31.28GiB        16%             2.458TiB        0.12%           -               71s     online

Take a node out of maintenance

$ ais cluster add-remove-nodes stop-maintenance t[147665t8084]
$ ais show cluster
PROXY            MEM USED %      MEM AVAIL       UPTIME
202446p8082      0.09%           31.28GiB        80s
279128p8080[P]   0.11%           31.28GiB        90s

TARGET           MEM USED %      MEM AVAIL       CAP USED %      CAP AVAIL       CPU USED %      REBALANCE       UPTIME
147665t8084      0.10%           31.28GiB        16%             2.458TiB        0.12%           -               80s
165274t8087      0.10%           31.28GiB        16%             2.458TiB        0.12%           -               80s

Remote AIS cluster

Given an arbitrary pair of AIS clusters A and B, cluster B can be attached to cluster A, thus providing (to A) a fully-accessible (list-able, readable, writeable) backend.

For background, terminology, and definitions, and for many more usage examples, please see:

Attach remote cluster

ais cluster remote-attach UUID=URL [UUID=URL...]

ais cluster remote-attach ALIAS=URL [ALIAS=URL...]

Attach a remote AIS cluster to a local one via the remote cluster public URL. Alias (a user-defined name) can be used instead of cluster UUID for convenience. For more details and background on remote clustering, please refer to this document.

Examples

Attach two remote clusters, the first - by its UUID, the second one - via user-friendly alias (two).

$ ais cluster remote-attach a345e890=http://one.remote:51080 two=http://two.remote:51080`

Detach remote cluster

ais cluster remote-detach UUID|ALIAS

Detach a remote cluster using its alias or UUID.

Examples

Example below assumes that the remote has user-given alias two:

$ ais cluster remote-detach two

Show remote clusters

ais show remote-cluster

Show details about attached remote clusters.

Examples

The following two commands attach and then show the remote cluster at the address my.remote.ais:51080:

$ ais cluster remote-attach alias111=http://my.remote.ais:51080
Remote cluster (alias111=http://my.remote.ais:51080) successfully attached
$ ais show remote-cluster
UUID      URL                     Alias     Primary         Smap  Targets  Online
eKyvPyHr  my.remote.ais:51080     alias111  p[80381p11080]  v27   10       yes

Notice that:

user can assign an arbitrary name (aka alias) to a given remote cluster
the remote cluster does not have to be online at attachment time; offline or currently unreachable clusters are shown as follows:

$ ais show remote-cluster
UUID        URL                       Alias     Primary         Smap  Targets  Online
eKyvPyHr    my.remote.ais:51080       alias111  p[primary1]     v27   10       no
<alias222>  <other.remote.ais:51080>            n/a             n/a   n/a      no

Notice the difference between the first and the second lines in the printout above: while both clusters appear to be currently offline (see the rightmost column), the first one was accessible at some earlier time and therefore we show that it has (in this example) 10 storage nodes and other details.

To detach any of the previously configured associations, simply run:

$ ais cluster remote-detach alias111
$ ais show remote-cluster
UUID        URL                       Alias     Primary         Smap  Targets  Online
<alias222>  <other.remote.ais:51080>            n/a             n/a   n/a      no

Reset (ie., zero out) stats counters and other metrics

ais cluster reset-stats

Example and usage

$ ais cluster reset-stats --help
NAME:
   ais cluster reset-stats - reset cluster or node stats (all cumulative metrics or only errors)

USAGE:
   ais cluster reset-stats [command options] [NODE_ID]

OPTIONS:
   --errors-only  reset only error counters
   --help, -h     show help

Let’s go ahead and reset all error counters:

$ ais cluster reset-stats --errors-only
Cluster error metrics successfully reset

CLUSTER

`ais cluster` command

Adding/removing nodes

Table of Contents

Cluster and Node status

show cluster: all nodes (including t[xyz]) and gateways, as well as deployed version and runtime stats

show all target (nodes) and, again, runtime statistics, software version, deployment type, K8s pods, and more

show specific target

ask specific target to show its cluster map

Notes

Options

Examples

Show cluster map

Options

Examples

Show smap from a given node

Show cluster stats

Show disk stats

Options

Examples

Display disk reports stats N times every M seconds

Join a node

Examples

Join node

Remove a node

Options

Examples

Decommission node

Temporarily put node in maintenance

Take a node out of maintenance

Remote AIS cluster

Attach remote cluster

Examples

Detach remote cluster

Examples

Show remote clusters

Examples

Reset (ie., zero out) stats counters and other metrics

Example and usage